Displacement in Ghana is driven by a combination of localized conflict, recurrent flooding, and climate-related risks, particularly in vulnerable communities. These pressures are increasingly compounded by spillover security concerns from the Sahel, heightening risks of internal displacement and cross-border movements.

Nigeria hosts one of the largest displaced populations in the region. Insurgencies and armed violence, particularly linked to Boko Haram and related groups, have displaced millions, disrupting access to education, healthcare, and livelihoods, especially in the country’s northeast and surrounding regions.

While no longer in active conflict, Sierra Leone continues to experience displacement shaped by conflict legacies and recurring environmental disasters, including flooding and landslides. These challenges disproportionately affect urban poor and vulnerable communities.

Liberia’s displacement context is influenced by post-conflict fragility, weak infrastructure, and environmental and climate-related risks. Communities remain vulnerable to shocks that undermine recovery, resilience, and access to essential services.